Any scene can initially be seen as a composition of a series of forms that are all related to four basic geometric solids: the brick, the sphere, the cylinder, and the cone. In this article we concentrate on the cone, i.e., we will detail its properties and its place in the overall scheme of a drawing.
In this article we discussed how to produce a line drawing of a cone-like object. What we outlined above should be enough to get you started in the right direction. It should not take more than a couple of days to draw just about any cone-like object in a very convincing and correct manner.
A perfect cone is a three-dimensional solid that has a circular base on one end and terminates in a point at the other end. Invariably, the first example of a cone that pops into the mind is that of an ice cream cone. But there are bottles, glasses, lampshades, bowls, and many other man-made objects with shapes based on a cone. There are also countless creations of nature such as sea shells, flowers, and trees that have conical shapes.
When you begin to draw conical objects, remember that a cone is a solid mass that tapers uniformly from a circular base to a point. In the beginning, when you identify an object that has an underlying conical form, you should draw a perfect cone first. The cone can be long and thin like in a beer glass, or short and broad like in a lampshade. Only after you have drawn the cone in the right orientation and in the right proportions start adding the deviations you observe (bulges, stretches, etc.). Pretty soon you will not need this crutch anymore and you will be able to immediately start with the object. Nevertheless you will have instantly recognized the underlying shape and you will be using your memory of the perfect cone and use it as a guide.
The cone has also an axis of symmetry. To first lightly draw this axis will help you tremendously with the rendering of the correct geometry. The elliptical base should be perpendicular to the axis and the whole cone should be perfectly symmetric around the axis of symmetry. You can mark off a point on the axis where the tip of the cone is to be and then it is a simple matter of running two diagonal lines from the tip to the ends of the ellipse. Of course, the cone should also comply with the laws of perspective and should also be rendered according to those laws. A correctly drawn cone should fit into the overall perspective of the scene and the drawn ribs on the cone should converge with all other parallel lines to the same point at infinity. The same perspective rules apply to the planes in which ellipses drawn on the cone lie. That is, all other parallel planes should converge to the same horizon. Ultimately, with enough practice, all you have to do is observe correctly, and all things will fall in place.
Identify a number of conical object and practice drawing them. Champaign glasses, ice cream cones, lampshades, party hats, etc. are all excellent examples. Pay attention to the proportions, lengths, curvatures, perspective, etc.
The three-dimensionality of a line drawing of a cone can be simulated by adding a number of ellipses along its body. Of course, when you have learned the skill of shading you will be able to create a much better solution. In fact, you have a chance to create the perfect illusion because, in essence, the only thing there is in a black and white scene are shades of different values. In other words, if you can draw the perfect geometry and add to it the perfect values then you have the perfect drawing (at least in terms of likeness if not in terms of creating a piece of art).
This is all you need to know about rendering line drawings of objects that have the cone as their underlying geometric form.
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